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闪电贷攻击 Plouto 金库

Code Auditing
December 18, 2020

本博客由中国浙江大学区块链安全研究团队发布*

2020年12月16日,我们的监控系统ThunderForecast报告了一系列可疑交易。随后,我们使用由我们研究团队开发的EthScope系统分析了这些交易,并确认所有报告的交易都是恶意的。在本博客中,我们将详细说明此次攻击,以帮助理解攻击者每种行为的意图。

什么是 Plouto Vault?

Plouto 是一个开放的去中心化资产管理协议。Plouto 协议提出了一个名为“开放金库”(Open Vault)的关键理念。借助这一理念,除了标准的投资策略外,资产管理者还可以将他们的协议部署给其他第三方,甚至可以使用 Plouto Vault 设计自己的策略。在这次攻击中,攻击者利用了Plouto Vault的漏洞,即铸造的代币数量取决于 YPool 中相应代币的数量。最终,攻击者套利了总计 698,775.32 美元的金额。

详细信息

现在,我们将通过一个攻击交易 0x49112d… 来揭示更多攻击细节。

涉及十个步骤:

  • 步骤 1:从 AAVE 借入 9,000,000 USDC 的闪电贷。
  • 步骤 3:从 UniswapV2 借入 2,000,000 USDT 的闪电贷。
  • 步骤 7:偿还 UniswapV2 上借入的 2,006,200 USDT 闪电贷。
  • 步骤 8:在 UniswapV2-USDT 池中将 17,298 USDT 兑换为 17,320 USDC。兑换的 USDC 用于偿还 AAVE 上第一笔闪电贷。
  • 步骤 9:偿还 AAVE 上借入的 9,008,100 USDC 闪电贷。
  • 步骤 10:将 177,533 USDC 兑换为 175,669 DAI,并将利润发送到攻击者的 EOA。

收益与损失

在上述交易中,攻击者操纵了 YPool 中 USDT 的流动性,并从 Plouto Vault 套利了 175,669 DAI。

攻击规模

基于此次攻击的特点,我们检测到攻击者 0x43c162…. 发动了 1 个恶意合约 0x2421ce… 和 8 笔交易(在交易 0x49112d… 事件中获得的最大利润为 175,669.88 美元)。根据 Ehterscan 上的数据,攻击者总共套利了 698,775.32 美元。

结语

随着以太坊上 DeFi 生态系统的发展和 DeFi 服务(闪电贷)的不断更新,安全问题逐渐凸显。在这起攻击背后,闪电贷为攻击者实施流动性操纵提供了极大的“便利”。最近,Harvest 平台遭受了一次攻击,该攻击利用了合约之间强烈的依赖关系。

时间线

  • 2020/12/16:发现可疑交易
  • 2020/12/17:完成分析
  • 2020/12/18:发布详细信息

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